ABSTRACT: This paper lists the Biognaceae species distributed in Tabasco state, using the proposed nomenclature based on the new classification schemes generated by recently reconstructed phylogenies. In order to complete the list, collects across all Tabasco state were made, hebarium of the state and the country were reviewed, the review on line of specimens of the herbarium coming from Tabasco was the base for this list, the species were determined and corroborated using available works of Bignoniaceae (Veracruz and Guatemala) and the consultation of the "Allianza Tabebuia" and the synopsis of the Bignonieae tribe, besides the "World Checklist of Bignoniacead" was consulted. Bignoniaceae is represented by 47 species and 24 genus, four of those species are new records for the state. The more diverse genus are Bignonia L. Amphitecna Miers y Fredericia Mart. with five species each. The lianas are the most abundant with 30 species, followed by the trees with 14 species and the shurbs with 3. There are no species of restricted distribution in Tabasco. Handroanthus chrysanthus S.O. Grose is listed in the Official Mexican Norm under the threatened category. The Bignoniaceae record in Tabasco represents that the state protects 80% of the genera and 61% of the species of Bignoniaceae of Mexico.

RESUMEN: El presente trabajo enlista las especies de Bignoniaceae distribuidas en el estado de Tabasco, utilizando la nomenclatura propuesta bajo los nuevos esquemas clasificatorios generados por las filogenias reconstruidas recientemente. La recolecta en todo el estado de Tabasco, la revisión de los Herbarios estatales y nacionales, la revisión de ejemplares de herbarios en línea procedentes de Tabasco fue la base para este listado, las especies fueron corroboradas y determinadas utilizando trabajos de Bignoniaceae disponibles (Veracruz y Guatemala) y la consulta de la revisión de la “Allianza Tabebuia” y la sinopsis de la tribu Bignonieae, además de consultar “World Checklist of Bignoniaceae”. Bignoniaceae está representada por 47 especies y 24 géneros, de las cuales cuatro especies son nuevos registros para el Estado. Los géneros mas diversos son Bignonia L, Amphitecna Miers y Fridericia Mart. con cinco especies cada una. Las lianas son las más abundantes con 30 especies, seguida de los árboles con 14 especies y los arbustos con tres. No existen especies de distribución restringida a Tabasco. Handroanthus chrysanthus S.O. Grose se enlista en la Norma oficial mexicana bajo la categoría de Amenazada. En Tabasco se resguarda el 80% de los géneros y el 61% de las especies de Bignoniaceae de México.

RESUMO São relatados quatro casos de encarceramento de forame epiploico (EFE), entre os casos: três machos e uma fêmea; dois da raça Quarto de Milha, um SRD e um Brasileiro de Hipismo; idade média de 11 anos; altura média de cernelha de 160,5cm; massa corporal média de 465kg. Todos os animais possuíam o hábito de aerofagia. A presença de refluxo enterogástrico e intestino delgado distendido à palpação transretal foi variável na dependência do segmento intestinal aprisionado. À laparotomia exploratória constataram-se: dois casos de aprisionamento jejunoileal; um de jejuno; e o outro de íleo. Todos os animais apresentaram EFE da esquerda para a direita, representando o sentido horário. Apenas o animal que apresentava o íleo aprisionado sobreviveu; os demais foram submetidos à eutanásia no período transoperatório devido à extensa isquemia intestinal e às lesões vasculares decorrentes da manobra de redução. A aerofagia é o fator de risco que apresenta maior correlação positiva com o EFE, fato corroborado pelos casos apresentados. Apesar de ser descrito um bom prognóstico para o EFE na literatura, foi obtido um desfecho ruim entre os casos atendidos, e salienta-se que a extensão da lesão e o sangramento da veia porta no transoperatório contribuíram para esse resultado.

ABSTRACT Four cases of epiploic foramen entrapment (EFE) are reported. Among the cases, three males and one female, two Quarter Horses, one mixed breed and one Brazilian Equestrian, aged between 3 to 20 years, mean 11 years. The average height was 160.5cm and 465kg. All horses had a previous record of crib-biting habit. The presence of enterogastric reflux and small intestine distended loops in transrectal palpation was variable in dependence of the trapped segment. In surgical exploration were identified two cases of jejunum and ileum entrapped, one of the ileum and one of jejunum. All animals showed EFE from left to right. The horse that had trapped the ileum has survived. The others were euthanized due to the extent of injury or rupture of large vessels during surgical reduction. Although there are many notes of possible risk factors for EFE occurrence, cribbing is the risk factor that has the highest positive correlation with EFE. This appointment was confirmed by the cases presented. Despite being described a good prognosis for the EFE, a bad outcome was achieved among the cases, and stresses that the extent of the injury and bleeding from the portal vein contributed to this outcome.

Machado-Joseph disease (MJD) or spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder caused by expansion of the polyglutamine domain of the ataxin-3 (ATX3) protein. MJD/SCA3 is the most frequent autosomal dominant ataxia in many countries. The mechanism underlying MJD/SCA3 is thought to be mainly related to protein misfolding and aggregation leading to neuronal dysfunction followed by cell death. Currently, there are no effective treatments for patients with MJD/SCA3. Here, we report on the potential use of lithium carbonate and coenzyme Q10 to reduce cell death caused by the expanded ATX3 in cell culture. Cell viability and apoptosis were evaluated by MTT assay and by flow cytometry after staining with annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide. Treatment with lithium carbonate and coenzyme Q10 led to a significant increase in viability of cells expressing expanded ATX3 (Q84). In addition, we found that the increase in cell viability resulted from a significant reduction in the proportion of apoptotic cells. Furthermore, there was a significant change in the expanded ATX3 monomer/aggregate ratio after lithium carbonate and coenzyme Q10 treatment, with an increase in the monomer fraction and decrease in aggregates. The safety and tolerance of both drugs are well established; thus, our results indicate that lithium carbonate and coenzyme Q10 are good candidates for further in vivo therapeutic trials.